![]() The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located deep in the brain. Low levels may lead to involuntary muscle contractions caused by low calcium levels in plasma. High levels of parathyroid hormone may lead to brittle bones that fracture easily and stones in the urinary system. Muscles and nerves can only operate effectively if these chemicals are at the correct levels. They produce parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium and phosphate in the blood. These are small endocrine glands in the neck. What is insulin therapy? Parathyroid glands A wide range of complications can result. If it produces too little, a person will have hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose levels.ĭiabetes happens when the pancreas can no longer produce or use insulin effectively, also known as insulin resistance. This is when blood glucose levels are too low. If the pancreas produces too much insulin, hypoglycemia will result. The main concerns relate to blood sugar imbalance. How do insulin and glucagon regulate blood sugar? Health issuesĭiabetes and digestive issues can result from problems with the pancreas. Pancreatic polypeptide: This helps control the secretion of substances made by the pancreas.Glucagon: This peptide hormone raises blood glucose levels when they fall too low.It also controls the secretion of several hormones, such as gastrin, insulin, and growth hormone. Somatostatin: This hormone regulates endocrine and nervous system functions.Insulin: Insulin is essential for carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body.Located in the abdomen, the pancreas is both an endocrine gland and a digestive organ. ![]() What is the difference between sex and gender? Pancreas For this reason, people consider estrogen a female hormone and testosterone a male hormone. They are part of the male reproductive system.īoth males and females produce estrogen and testosterone, but the levels and balance are different. They secrete androgens, mainly testosterone. They are located in the scrotum, below the penis. The testicles or testes are the male gonads. The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system and essential for: They are the female gonads and secrete estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and other hormones. The ovaries are located on either side of the uterus in females. Which nutrients support the hypothalamus and pituitary gland? Ovaries and testicles The hormones it manages affect the activity of the: The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the attached pituitary gland. This gland activates and controls involuntary body functions, including: The hypothalamus is located just above the brain stem and below the thalamus. Hyposecretion, or low levels, may lead to: Hypersecretion, or high levels of adrenal hormones, may lead to: Androgens play a key role in the development of characteristics associated with males, such as facial hair and a deeper voice.
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